A comment on Matthew 18:20 by PETER CHRYSOLOGUS, an Italian Archbishop (380-450 A.D.)
THE BEAUTY OF THE WHOLENESS OF THE BODY.: There are those who presume that the congregation of the church can be disregarded. They assert that private prayers should be preferred to those of an honorable assembly. But if Jesus denies nothing to so small a group as two or three, will he refuse those who ask for it in the assemblies and congregation of the church? This is what the prophet believed and what he exults over having obtained when he states, “I will confess to you, O Lord, with my whole heart, in the council and congregation of the righteous.”16 A man “confesses with his whole heart” when in the council of the saints he hears that everything which he has asked will be granted him.
Some, however, endeavor to excuse under an appearance of faith the idleness that prompts their contempt for assemblies. They omit participation in the fervor of the assembled congregation and pretend that they have devoted to prayer the time they have expended upon their household cares. While they give themselves up to their own desires, they scorn and despise the divine service. These are the people who destroy the body of Christ. They scatter its members. They do not permit the full form of its Christ-like appearance to develop to its abundant beauty—that form which the prophet saw and then sang about: “You are beautiful in form above the sons of men.”17
Individual members do indeed have their own duty of personal prayer, but they will not be able to fulfill it if they come to the beauty of that perfect body wrapped up in themselves. There is this difference between the glorious fullness of the congregation and the vanity of separation that springs out of ignorance or negligence: in salvation and honor the beauty of the whole body is found in the unity of the members. But from the separation of the viscera there is a foul, fatal and fearful aroma. SERMON 132.4-5.18
Simonetti, M. (Ed.). Ancient Christian Commentary (2002). Matthew 14-28 (pp. 80–81). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
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A site that publishes some brief articles and other teaching of Father Thomas Reeves, the Priest/Pastor at St. Matthew's Episcopal Church in Bloomington, IL (stmattsblm.org)
Tuesday, December 6, 2016
Tuesday, November 8, 2016
Prayer for the Victims of Addiction
Blessed Lord, you ministered to all who came to you: Look with compassion upon all who through addiction have lost their health and freedom. Restore to them the assurance of your unfailing mercy; remove from them the fears that beset them; strengthen them in the work of their recovery; and to those who care for them, give patient understanding and persevering love. Amen.
Wednesday, September 21, 2016
It’s Hard to Fake Authenticity
Every once in a while, I get hooked into a documentary about
art forgery. It is amazing the detail
and work that goes into a good forgery, and correspondingly, the hours and
expertise it takes to spot one.
But why make such a
fuss over a good reproduction? If a
painting looks so much like a Picasso that no one else can tell the difference
without a special scanning device, then
why all the uproar?
But for the art community, it does matter and it matters to the
tune of thousands and sometimes millions of dollars. A painting by Picasso holds great value and
prestige not only because of the beauty of the painting, but because of the
history, skill, and context of an artist’s life in a certain place and time. Authenticity, i.e., artistic purity is highly
valued.
Moralism is the
enemy of purity, integrity, and
authenticity. On its surface, moralism
looks
helpful, but the surface
is deceiving. Moralism is very concerned
with what it does and how it looks. It
is obsessed with public relations and the perceptions of those that it is
trying to impress or motivate. Moralism,
in its most basic definition, is the
doing of good things, the embrace of good behavior, and the measurability of said things in comparison
with others. Moralism is
self-serving under the guise of serving and sacrificing for others. This is why it is such a dangerous,
capricious, and duplicitous enemy. It
(and the Evil One’s subtle use of it) often fools us all.
Moralism produces
visible and short-lived behaviors without changing a person’s beliefs and
character. In other words, if the
“heart” of a person or an organization does not change, a lasting, loving,
authentic behavior will not take root.
Integrity cannot be faked, and in the end,
is seen most clearly when one has something to be gained or lost. Only a “heart of flesh” (Ezekiel 11:19-20)
can be genuine in its intentions and good works.
Our true character is revealed when it matters when the pressure is on, and when doing
what is right trumps every other option…even if it means our pain and
discomfort. We can fake activity and
surface do-gooding, but our motivations remain what they are. Only resurrection power that is welcomed and
embraced can change the condition of our true character.
As we begin our
series on the “Authentic Christian Life” in C.E. in September, we look to
engage what the scriptures (and our Lord) teaches us about the importance and
impact of genuine authenticity. In his
book, The Screwtape Letters, C.S. Lewis
challenges the common misconceptions often engaged by those who are more
concerned with how they look, than with who they really are. We will be using this book as we try to flesh out what it means to grow in our ability
to be truly pure vessels; to be shaped and effective in the hands of our
creator for Gospel and Kingdom living.
Come join us as we seek our God.
Sunday, July 24, 2016
Love is Vulnerable
“To love at all is to be vulnerable. Love anything and
your heart will be wrung and possibly broken. If you want to
make sure of keeping it intact you must give it to no one, not
even an animal. Wrap it carefully round with hobbies and little
luxuries; avoid all entanglements. Lock it up safe in the casket or coffin of
your selfishness. But in that casket, safe, dark, motionless, airless, it will
change. It will not be broken; it will become unbreakable, impenetrable, irredeemable.
To love is to be vulnerable.”
― C.S. Lewis, The Four Loves
your heart will be wrung and possibly broken. If you want to
make sure of keeping it intact you must give it to no one, not
even an animal. Wrap it carefully round with hobbies and little
luxuries; avoid all entanglements. Lock it up safe in the casket or coffin of
your selfishness. But in that casket, safe, dark, motionless, airless, it will
change. It will not be broken; it will become unbreakable, impenetrable, irredeemable.
To love is to be vulnerable.”
― C.S. Lewis, The Four Loves
Tuesday, April 12, 2016
God With Us?
Roanoke Times Article #2
(bold indicates section that appears in the Roanoke Times)
Often we have this view of God as if he is like us. Historically, this is most blatantly revealed through the supposed “gods” of Greek Mythology. These gods fought among themselves, were vindictive, powerful, and highly selfish. They were often jealous of one another, were sexually unfaithful to their spouses (including having sexual relationships with humans as it so pleased them), and ruled others through fear. Interesting enough, when we read of these Greek gods, there is something internal to us that desires them to be just, fair, generous, and forgiving. It is probably why we like Clark Kent (i.e., Superman) so much. He is kind of like a good Greek god.
(the below section is the continuation of the above article)
However, this is backwards if we assume that the Holy Scriptures are reliable (yes, this is a big IF for many, but please hear me out). It is we humans who are made in God’s image, not vice-versa. It is not that God has treated us badly, but it was humanity in the beginning who despised his gifts and desired to replace him on the throne. A historic Christian reading of the scriptures tells us that humanity is born wanting to replace him on his throne to this day.
YET, this God did not destroy or remove himself completely from humanity. Several times in our early history, humanity came close to destroying itself, but God intervened to prevent this. Most people at this time had NO INTEREST in knowing God, yet he intervened just the same. He was able to have a relationship with the few while the many preferred their own ways, which included ultimate and final death.
In our westernized individualistic viewpoint, we see God as having something personal against us. We see God as someone who can’t wait to punish and reject us. So when we do listen to some Christians speak (and there are a lot of ignorant, vapid, and self-informed “talking heads” out there who claim to speak for all Christians) we find our perceptions reinforced. If we have read some of the scripture passages where God’s holiness and judgment are revealed, we may be tempted to jump to the conclusions that we truly want to find (psychologists call this a “self-fulfilling prophecy”).
But, when we take this approach are we revealing our bias? How does one get an honest picture of the God of Historic Christianity as revealed in the Holy Scriptures handed down over a 4,000 year period through faithful communities of people? How does one grasp the idea of a loving God, but yet a God beyond our understanding, control, and description?
I suggest that instead of viewing God as disinterested or vindictive, the scriptures reveal a God who chose to stay engaged with the human world when it was not required of him. I suggest that because of the rebellion of mankind there is now a cloud of rebellion and judgment that covers the entirety of the created order, but God remains connected to humanity and the creation. He does not try to control or manipulate the will of mankind but has a plan to engage mankind with a redemption that could only come from his very being.
This is where Jesus Christ enters into the picture. Jesus, being God’s son, came as God but took on the form of flesh. The God of the universe, creator, and Lord…not a superhuman like Clark Kent, but very God of very God….took on humanity so that we might know salvation and a restored relationship with God.
What kind of God puts in that kind of effort, embraces that kind of humility, and gives up the glory of being infinite and unlimited to live as a sweaty, needy, stinky, thirsty, hungry and limited human being?
This is the God of historic Christianity. Jesus Christ, who is Emmanuel which means “God with us”. His is the true understanding and clarification of the holiness, justice, and love of the transcendent and holy God of the universe. This is the same God who wants to save and love us.
Mmmm…maybe this God is more than we think he is.
The Disinterested God
Roanoke Times Article #1
(bold indicates section that appears in the Roanoke Times)
How can we believe in a God who seems disinterested in the troubles and horrors present in the world today?
Is God just an evil entity who enjoys ruling over and controlling his weaker and more vulnerable subjects? Is God nothing more than a bored child on summer break, holding a magnifying glass while burning ants by the power of the sun? In the least he seems absent and/or disinterested in human suffering. What does God know of suffering if he seems removed from all of its mess?
(the below section is the continuation of the above article)
But if we hold to the vision of an evil or disinterested God, it reveals that we do have an awareness, some expectations, and legitimate hurts and disappointments with this same God. If there is no God, then with whom are we angry?
Of course, what is often missed, is that every other human belief system (whether individual or organized) struggles with this same "problem of evil". The reality is that we all (whether we are aware of them or not) have beliefs that shape and direct our lives. We all have "faith" in something or someone; even if that someone is ourselves.
However, what kind of "god" are we? How has a trust in humanity's "innate goodness" worked out? Even if we, like some, blame religion for all the problems in the world, we don't really solve the "problem of evil" in the world. If there is no god, this logically means that humanity is then to blame for creating the idea of a god and for all the religions in world history. Did God cause the financial crisis? Did God give corrupt and greedy corporate leaders the bonuses they did not deserve while most Americans have suffered greatly through a continually struggling economy? Does God cause the strife and war in the world?
Often, the reasons we like documentaries, biographies, and tabloids about famous and influential people (who often have accomplished very positive or impressive things) is that we relish finding out that they are just as prone to evil and self-destruction as we are. So, how has humanity done in controlling and ruling the world over the millenniums? Are we enlightened and modern humans really doing a better job than the God we say we don't believe in?
What if the God of Christianity does understand what it is to suffer? What if he does care? What if by definition he cannot intervene as we would like him to do because he created us as human beings instead of soul-less machines with no real choice? What if he intervenes and holds back evil much more than we even realize? What if he really wants us to know a lasting peace, love and joy in this world and the one to come...instead of the empty and fleeting happiness we continually pursue?
How does the “Jesus” of the scriptures actually address these very issues?
We will consider these thoughts more in our next article.
Thursday, March 24, 2016
Clarity in Contrast
There are a lot of children who dream of someday being a professional baseball player. After watching their favorite baseball team, a child may even go out in the yard and imagine playing in a professional game. The child may practice their skills with a parent, or even play a lot of “catch” with their friends. However, the child will really never know how good they truly are until they compare their skills with others in competition. They will only see the level of their abilities when they test those skills among others.
In a similar way, this is how we learn anything regarding any gifting that we may have inside or outside of the church community. If we are “good” at something or accomplished in any arena, it will always be considered in contrast with others who have similar or different abilities. If we are capable in any arena it will also be clear to others around us.
In our small group studies as of late, we have been talking about the contrast between Adam and Eve’s view of God in the first Eden and ours in the New Heavens and New Earth. Again, the comparison is important. We know God to be a saving, forgiving, and gracious God in a way unknown to our original parents. Because of Fall of mankind in rebellion to the Creator, we understand the depth of God’s love as we have experienced it in the suffering and sacrifice of Christ Jesus. In addition, it is through his Son that our God continues to pour out his continual mercies in light of our continual rebellion. Without the contrast between sin and grace, darkness and light, well, our appreciation would be much more limited.
This is the reality and contrast that we hope to accomplish in the celebration of Easter and the Easter Season. In Lent, we engage the depth and regularity of our sin, the needed power of the Holy Spirit, and the important reality of our continuing need for repentance and Christian maturity. We embrace that we are sinners, but engage in the battle of our flesh that we may be constantly more conformed to the Image of His Son.
In our Lenten worship, we introduce contrasts through a silent procession of the cross, an embrace of the Ten Commandments, an emphasis on the spiritual disciplines, and the muting of our “Alleluias”. We do these things with purpose and in submission to historic Christianity to provide a contrast with our sinfulness and need (a somber and bleak reality), and the glory, joy and hope found in the promise of Easter.
Thus, on Easter Day, there is celebration, light, beauty and feasting!!! Our need and sin are real, but the hope and joy of the Resurrection far exceed our sin. The Resurrection covers and banishes the guilt and shame that has been dealt with at the cross. In the contrast we embrace the reality of being saint and sinner at once; of being saved, but not completely; of having a lasting sure hope, with a need to continue in our search for God; of having a gratefulness for the gift of salvation, yet a passion for a world in need of the same.
Thus, we embrace both Lent and Easter so that we might be aided by their contrast, and encouraged to understand our true identity as found in the life and work of the Lord Jesus Christ on our behalf.
Thanks be to God.
Thursday, December 31, 2015
Famished
The summer before my junior year in high-school, I took a
bicycle trip with some family friends.
The goal was to bike all the way around Lake Michigan, starting in Illinois and finishing in Wisconsin. We didn't make it the entire way around the
Lake, but we got very close. All in all,
it was over two weeks of continuous bicycling - no matter the precipitation or
the heat of the day.
While on this trip, I discovered something new. If I got thirsty enough, even warm water
tasted good. Granted, I had to be very
thirsty. And granted, there was no other
water available because we rarely stopped unless it was absolutely
necessary. So, when I did get thirsty I
gladly drank the water that I had, even though it had been thoroughly warmed by
the sun. In normal circumstances, this
water would have been dumped into the grass.
I have rarely known that kind of thirst in my life, nor have I easily
forgotten it.
This thirst is reminiscent of the Psalmist's proclamation in
Chapter 42:
1 As a deer longs for flowing streams,
so my soul longs for you, O God.
2 My soul thirsts for God,
for the living God.
When shall I come and behold
the face of God?
1 As a deer longs for flowing streams,
so my soul longs for you, O God.
2 My soul thirsts for God,
for the living God.
When shall I come and behold
the face of God?
When was the last time you were really thirsty?; hungry?
What are those things that you normally and continually ache for? When was the last time you experienced an
intense hunger to know and engage your God?
Not the last time you needed a "pick-me-up" because you were
having a tough week, or the last time you needed God to give you a genie-like
wish (hoping he would go back into his lamp after granting your wish). No, the hunger I am talking about leaves a
continuous ache in one's heart; it longs to be filled. It is the kind of ache that affects you so deeply that you
have to do something about it.
As we approach another new year, let me challenge you
regarding your appetite for the Lord. Do
you long to know him more deeply? Do you
hunger and thirst after those things closest to his heart, and reflective of
his character? Ask him for this hunger,
and he will give it to you.
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for
righteousness, for they will be filled.
(Matthew 5:6). It is only in hungering after our God and in
obeying him that we will find a true and lasting fulfillment, and he wants us
to be truly fulfilled.
Father Tom
The Task
“Our task as image-bearing, God-loving, Christ-shaped, Spirit-filled Christians, following Christ and shaping our world, is to announce redemption to a world that has discovered its fallenness, to announce healing to a world that has discovered its brokenness, to proclaim love and trust to a world that knows only exploitation, fear and suspicion".
-N.T. Wright, "The Challenge of Jesus"
-N.T. Wright, "The Challenge of Jesus"
Saturday, October 24, 2015
Are Bishops and Apostolic Succession Essential or Unimportant to the Future of American Anglicanism?
The
Optional Bishop
Some
Pastoral Thoughts Regarding Apostolic Succession and the Historic Episcopate
by
Father Tom Reeves
Recently, I attended a clergy day in our
Diocese. At one point during the day, I
had a nice discussion and time of prayer with two other priests. One of the Priests had recently graduated
from a well-known Evangelical Seminary in Colorado.
As we discussed our lives, I turned to this newly
ordained priest and asked him "So, what brought you in connection with
Anglicanism"? It seemed evident to
me that this young man had a gentle and sincere spirit, and genuine love for
the Lord and people. As he began to
explain his journey, he referenced his first interaction with our Bishop.
His response was not surprising. This pastor called our Bishop as a first step
to inquire about entrance into the Anglican Church and what it would entail. He had called our Diocesan headquarters
because he was interested in planting a church in our state, and thought he
would just have some things mailed to him or explained to him by the
staff. As is often the case, the Bishop
was in his office and was glad to speak to the young man. This was a shock to the caller, who in no way
had prepared himself to talk to the Bishop directly.
As an outsider to Anglicanism, this person's cultural
view assumed a Bishop as someone who is somber, austere, and given over to power. Instead, he found our Bishop engaging,
welcoming and informative. He is now in
an internship program toward the priesthood at one of our larger churches. What will he be taught about the historic
episcopate?
In another encounter on the same day, I was talking
with a seasoned Episcopal priest. As he
related his story and the process his church took in leaving the Episcopal
Church, he mentioned to me that he did not believe that Apostolic succession
was scriptural. In addition, he did not
see the Episcopate as historically necessary. This sentiment by clergy in the ACNA is
becoming a constant.
I too was an ordinand coming from outside the
Anglican Tradition. During a discussion
with one of my Anglican professors, I was informed by him that "Apostolic succession is just a
tradition, and most scholars today (within the discipline of Biblical Theology)
believe the Bible teaches elder rule" (similar to Presbyterian Polity).
So, is Apostolic Succession and the historic
episcopate just one "style" of leading and organizing a church? Is it optional?
A Fresh Approach to Anglicanism?
What I have discovered since entering the ACNA in
2008, is that many ACNA clergy see Apostolic Succession as an optional
tradition and/or a necessary evil[1]. Most evangelical clergy (no matter what
"denomination" they find themselves), usually use the word
"tradition" in a pejorative sense.
The irony, though, is that by taking a low view of history and
tradition, these pastors are relying on and contributing to another set tradition;
a tradition that marginalizes tradition.
When we allow ourselves to think
in this manner, we reveal an undeveloped understanding of Anglicanism at its
core - or worse - a denial of the relationship between the Word, the Holy
Spirit, and tradition.
One of the negative marks of American Evangelical
pietism is the belief that there is one, right, scriptural way to do just about
anything. The Bible in this way of
thinking becomes a manual by which we are to put our Christianity into
practice. However, I submit that this
approach is not only hermeneutically flawed, but also does injustice to the
contexts and cultures in which the Old and New Testaments were penned (the
writers were not post-Enlightenment Modernists or Post-Modernists). In addition, this approach does not embrace
the complexities of taking truth formed in one culture and applying it to
another.
In this way of thinking, applications from scripture
become wooden or formulaic. There are
clear demarcations between the right way, and the wrong way; the good guys, and
the bad guys; my people, and your people.
A characteristic of this church culture is the continual search for the
ever elusive "real church" or
the "pure church". It is in this milieu then, that a search for
the "one right ecclesiology" makes perfect sense.
In so much of American Anglicanism it is my
cross-references versus your cross-references; the book you just read, versus
the book I just read; my experiences
verses your experiences; my favorite theologian, against yours. This sets the stage for sectarian and
polarized communal relationships that have little room for shared critical
thinking, honest discussions regarding truth, or an appreciation of our need of
the "push-back" from other views.
In other words, instead of a healthy grounded community, an insecure and
defensive "group-think" evolves.
The reality is that our personal beliefs and
experiences do not in and of themselves create lasting, authoritative
truth. Because we are created and human,
we all interpret the scriptures with an informing tradition directing us as a tutor
would a student. We can deny this, but
it doesn't make it any less true. No
matter what flavor of Christianity that we claim to be a part of, all developed
theology, exegesis, confessions, and creeds are TRADITION by the very
definition of the term.
When we seek to explain scripture, organize it, and
then disseminate it in any fashion (beyond just reading it outright in our
assemblies and letting the reader decide how it strikes them), we are giving
them a form of tradition. So is
Apostolic Succession tradition? Yes, and so is ANY form of ecclesiastical rule, revision, or
application.
In I Corinthians 15, the Apostle Paul reveals some tradition
handed down to him as an Apostle:
It
Is Traditional to have Tradition
It should come as no shock to us that like the
church fathers and the reformers, we too are children of our age and cultures (familial, local, regional, national). From the day that we are born, we breathe-in
and drink- in assumptions about life, living, philosophy, politics and
truth. Many of our presumptions will
need to be shaped or abandoned as we grow in our understanding of the Gospel
and the Kingdom of God. We will also need
assistance in Gospel and Kingdom applications and living.
Anglicans
have always believed that the Holy Spirit's work of sanctification (in the
Covenantal Community and in individual lives) is a process that is continued
until the consummation and glorification of Christ's church. We learn and seek our God through Word and
Spirit, but we see ourselves grounded and informed by the church fathers that
have gone before us. This historic and
universal church (i.e., catholic church) has handed down a historic and core
tradition in a particular historic context.
However, it seems to this writer, that many
Anglicans take the central content of the historic traditions while leaving
their context. Thus, the complexities
and processes involved in developing our ecumenical
New Testament Cannon go unnoticed; the importance of a unified (but imperfect)
church in their development goes unnoticed; the importance of the spiritual
authority of the Bishops in the development of the Cannon goes unnoticed. We will give lip service to the Apostle's, Nicene,
and Athanasian Creeds, and we are glad to have them as our historical
documents; however, we care little for
the historic understandings and contexts in which these important and central
truths were formulated.
As most Americans , we are constantly tempted to be
pragmatic while being a-historical and
anti-intellectual. We, thus, are
tempted to value our lives and ministries based on their perceived production
value. In addition, we live in a
democracy that sees government rule distributed by a representative form of
government[2],
yet, somehow, we are certain that this governing reality has no influence on
the way we interpret scripture.
How have we decided that we are untouched by the
blatant capitulation in our culture regarding individual reason and our ability
to find truth on our own in isolation from others in community? Why are we constantly condescending towards a
faithful historic belief system informed by the faithful people of the past? Why do we act as if our perceptions are so
accurate that we have no need to consider the beliefs of those on the opposite
side of an issue? Why do we pick one
small part of church history and "pitch our tent" there, while
ignoring the rest of God's faithful work among his people in every age?
The
Unity of American Anglicans
Instead of a real unity around a few, core, and shared
beliefs that define our Anglicanism, we seem to be encouraging an undefined Anglicanism
in the spirit of the "free-church"[3] so
prominent among us[4]. I submit that if Anglicanism means anything Anglicans do or say, then being
Anglican means nothing. And if being Anglican means nothing, then being Anglican means anything.
The American Anglican Church is NOT a
"free-church". Many Anglicans claim the Ecumenical Creeds, but not that whole "Baptism
for the forgiveness of sins" idea.
We say we accept the liturgy in our 1662 Book of Common Prayer, but seem
unaware at times of the theology behind its sacramental statements. We say we subscribe
to the Thirty-nine Articles, but clarity regarding what this means in ecclesial
application remains elusive. Anglican practice reveals multiple groups
doing what is "right in its own eyes" and the silence on these issues
is deafening.
So, what would it look like if we were NOT being
Anglican? The phrase "Anglican
Tradition" gets tossed around in the world-wide Anglican Communion. But what does "Anglican Tradition"
even mean? Can it be defined? Do we actually believe an undefined
Anglicanism will stand the test of time; an Anglicanism that positions itself as
the caretakers of everyone's optional theology, confessions, and creeds? This makes no scriptural or historic sense.
In the "free-church" way of thinking:
·
Liturgy is a style, is emergent, is cool,
but is optional. Also, the theology
contained in the liturgy is not necessarily instructive theologically.
·
We keep the Sacraments, but don't mind
adding a few sacramental rites of our own along with them. The problem with this approach, is that only
the Lord Jesus Christ has the freedom to create a sacrament for his church.[5]
·
Apostolic Succession is an optional belief,
but it is what many of us in the ACNA were reared in. Why we keep it as our ecclesiology may be
more related to the difficulties in changing it, than our passionate belief
that it should remain.
So, does Apostolic Succession have Scriptural
support? Yes! But I submit that the ecclesiology that we find in the New
Testament is a "primitive" and "developing" form of a later
and specific ecclesiology due to the
different needs and the changing size of Christ's Church[6].
In the scriptures, however, we see the
beginnings and foundations for this later development and rule.
·
We see the authority and leadership of
the Apostles while they were on earth, tasked by Christ to be his
representatives of forgiveness in the absolution of sin, the power and
authority over the evil one (and his forces), and the laying on hands as a sign
of approved ministry and power in the Church.
·
We see the early church prioritizing the
writings of the Apostles above all others in putting together the Cannon.
·
When unique problems face the church in
the book of Acts (as the new church transitioned from the Mosaic Covenant to
the New Covenant) we see an early, basic, and less-encumbered council in
Jerusalem recorded in the book of Acts
15. The later official councils of the
historic church established and clarified the importance of the incarnation,
the Trinity, and ratified an established Cannon of Scripture (among other
things). These were all led by Bishops
that saw themselves having their authority and beliefs coming directly from the
Apostles themselves through the laying on of hands[7].
·
We see the laying on of hands
established, from Apostle to under-ministers who then serve in ministry with,
and under the authority of the Apostles.
·
We see in the earliest writings of the
church an acceptance and an assumption of Episcopal rule, especially important
for the combating of heresy.
·
As with the Apostles, most of the
earliest Bishops on record were martyred for their faith in Christ[8],
lived out the Gospel, and relied on Apostolic teaching and tradition. The tradition during the early Christian
centuries was disseminated through
combined written fragments of the New Testament and the communal oral tradition
of the day.
What many of us misunderstand, is that when we
decide that tradition plays no role in the formation of our Christian faith, we
also philosophically rule out a
reliable, historic New Testament Cannon as Scripture. So in
essence, many American Christians choose to accept the Cannon of the New
Testament from the same communities who gave them the very notions of Apostolic
Succession and Episcopal Oversight. Is
this consistent?
The Cannon of Scripture was developed through the
working of the Holy Spirit in the Historic Community through TRADITION. In accepting the New Testament Cannon, we
choose to trust God's way of moving, leading, and protecting his communal
people throughout their history. We
believe that we are also following the teaching of the Apostles and that we
live under the authority given to them
through Christ as we engage the world, the flesh, and the devil. We believe the same Holy Spirit leads and
directs us, and that in the end we are completely reliant on our covenant
making and life-giving Lord.
How long did it take for the New Testament to be
gathered and recognized ecumenically as authoritative? If we take the writing of Athanasius (A
BISHOP) in his "Epistola Festalis" (A.D. 367) as the essential close of the New Testament Cannon,
the answer is three hundred and sixty-seven years[9].
Most Christians believe that the collection and
approval of what was later deemed "divinely inspired literature" was worked
out by the leading and the protecting of the Holy Spirit locally, regionally,
and ecumenically. Multiple manuscripts,
moving throughout the church had to be read, considered and decided on. A fragmented and disunified church would not
have been able complete such a task. A
Church with courageous, Spirit-led, authoritative (and flawed) Bishops
did. In other words, the Holy Scriptures
are only available to "free-church" Christians because of a unified
church under a developing Episcopal rule.[10]
Our
American Influences
In their hermeneutics, many American Christians are
nothing more than a less-extreme version of Joseph Smith, the founder of
Mormonism[11]. Individually, Smith had multiple visions, was
visited by God the Father and Jesus, and was given the book of Mormon through
golden plates he could never produce.[12]
Sounds crazy when we read it, but Joseph Smith sold
it to a lot of Americans, and there is a still a Mormon Church existing and
thriving today. There are some Christian
Ecumenists now claiming that Mormonism is a legitimate form of
Christianity. As a movement, Mormonism
is impressive and has done much cultural good.
So why is their reading of the Bible not one of our considered choices? What makes our opinions about scripture better
than theirs?
An Anglican Province bent on mission removed from
theological and historical depth will produce a weak church. Ignoring healthy intellectual dialogue
regarding our very core definitions, hinders a truly lasting unity or church. We are called to discern and to encourage the
Spiritual gifts of discernment and a culture that "tests the Spirits
whether they be of God". The Lord
has called his bishops and clergy to "rightly divide the Word of
God". The honest engagement and
significance of historical, cultural, and scriptural context is central to our
life and future as Anglicans.
This means that theological dialogue and development
must be present and a part of our communal trust. Unlike the church fathers and communities
responsible for the collecting and developing of our Scriptural Cannon, our
Ecumenical Creeds, and our theology of Church and Mission, many seem to want an
undefined core of Anglicanism.
But in the end, are we building a
foundation for our Province that will last if we take this route? If we are going to ignore the teachings of
the Early Church and the Reformers on such things, then we reveal we don't know
our own history. One only needs to look
at the very beginnings of the Global Anglican Communion in the late 1800's to
see where mission work without a grounded theology, clarity in core
definitions, and authoritative oversight leads us[13].
What we "experience" or "feel the
Spirit is doing" , does not a lasting or authoritative interpretation
make. Testing and discerning takes time,
involves trust, requires lasting and developed relationships, submits to
communal authority, and regularly engages historic Christian precedence in
handling and teaching the Word of God.
This is why Anglicans hold the Creeds and the theology taught in our
liturgy in such high regard. Without it
we believe that we would soon go off the rails of historic Christianity. But if we don't have some clearly defined, shared,
core beliefs, how can we hold one another accountable?
This writer submits that there is no lasting
Anglican definition that lays aside the Scriptural foundations and faithful
development of an Apostolic Episcopate.
Our uniqueness lies in the fact that our ecclesiology is both Apostolic
and Reformational. This distinctive should be taught and
clarified as essential no matter the disunity or disenfranchising we fear in
our province.
I believe Anglicanism is something, but without Apostolic Succession and the Historic
Episcopate, I submit that Anglicanism is truly a disposable "container"
that will not stand the test of time.
[1]
This has also been my experience in regards to other core Anglican
distinctives. There seems to be an
ambivalence regarding the unique and special working of the Christ in his
sacraments, and a general disinterest in the context and theology of the
Bishops that shaped our ecumenical
creeds. It at times seems that we assume
our beliefs (without a deeper knowledge and context) will endure without us
knowing why they should. If true it reveals at best historical myopia,
or at worse an irresponsible denial of the structures of human cultural
processes.
[2] A
Democratic Republic
[3]
Being defined here as a church tradition that has no requirements of its
parishes in regards to the order and content of their weekly gathered worship
services. As the ACNA develops its own
prayer-book, it is unclear what minimums are now (or will be) required for a
parish or diocese in regards to the liturgical use of the Book of Common
Prayer. While we decide on such things,
and their authoritative application, what kind of liturgical structures and
thinking will already have taken root?
[4] Is
it wisdom that we are embracing when we engage in ministry and friendship with
Free-church Evangelicals without a clear sense of when we are being
"Anglican" or when we are not?
Without this clarity, do we think that we will avoid being influenced by
their theologies, ecclesiologies and their cultures? Is a core Anglicanism worth retaining?
[5] I
submit that positioning a scripted "sinners prayer" as our one time act of conversion, is
taught nowhere in scripture and detracts from the reality that only God is the
giver of a lasting faith. We are called
to repent, believe and be baptized. Whether a believing faith is brought to
Baptism, or confirmed later on, Baptism is Christ's one-time initiation
sacrament of conversion, entrance into the New Covenant, and membership into
Christ's "One Holy and Catholic Church". NO ONE has the right to put themselves as
equal to his lordship as if they have a better solution. Some ACNA churches are even positioning
infant baptism and baby dedication as equal in ceremony, are re-baptizing Roman
Catholics, and are encouraging Jewish
religious ceremonies (A "Mikvah for the forgiveness of sins") to be
practiced alongside and in conjunction with Christian Baptism. There are reasons and beliefs behind WHY
clergy see these kinds of actions as allowable.
[6]
This is why in my estimation talking about a "Biblical Ecclesiology",
as if we are interpreting a magic book that fell into our laps outside of time
and space, is self-defeating. Like the
doctrine of infant Baptism we have just as much silence in the Scriptures as we
do content. Every ecclesiastical form is
filling in the gaps where the
Scriptures leave room. In essence then,
we are reliant on a tradition to help us organize our thinking. Would not the best starting place then be in
the earliest historical records of the Apostolic Church?
[7]
no, the councils were not always right, and sometimes got things wrong. However, this is in keeping with any form of
human involvement , blindness and finiteness.
[8] As
Father Tom Hopko once taught, this puts a completely different spin on I
Timothy 3:1 - "He that desires to be a Bishop, desires a good thing".
[9] In
the West the cannon was Ecumenically confirmed at the Council of Carthage in
397, and this cannon was held until the upheaval of the Reformation.
[10]
It is humorous to think of the current decentralized Protestant Church
organizing and developing a "cannon" of scripture. One can easily envision multiple Cannons
endlessly floating around with no end in sight, and no central authority to
unify and make needed and final decisions.
[11]
Or the sundry of other sect groups that are popping up especially during this
time in American History.
[12]
Although, later witnesses swore in statements that Joseph had showed them the
plates.
[13]
Mark Chapman has a good discussion of this in his book, Anglicanism: A Very Short Introduction where he with chapter 6
lays out the formation of the Anglican Communion, and in chapter 7 revealing
where it has led us.
Saturday, July 18, 2015
N.T. Wright on "Political Camps"
From Mark: In these theological/political times, where it seems so important to be in the right "camp" lest we be cast out from fellowship with others because we do not hold the "correct" views, how do you suggest moving forward toward greater unity, rather than greater division?
Beware of ‘camps’.
In the U.S. especially these are usually and worryingly tied in to the various political either/or positions WHICH THE REST OF THE WORLD DOES NOT RECOGNISE. Anyone with their wits about them who reads scripture and prays and is genuinely humble will see that many of the issues which push people into ‘camps’ - especially but not only in the U.S. - are distortions in both directions caused by trying to get a quick fix on a doctrinal or ethical issue, squashing it into the small categories of one particular culture. Read Philippians 2.1-11 again and again. And Ephesians 4.1-16 as well.
(from a blog interview conducted by Rachael Held Evans, June 11, 2013)
Beware of ‘camps’.
In the U.S. especially these are usually and worryingly tied in to the various political either/or positions WHICH THE REST OF THE WORLD DOES NOT RECOGNISE. Anyone with their wits about them who reads scripture and prays and is genuinely humble will see that many of the issues which push people into ‘camps’ - especially but not only in the U.S. - are distortions in both directions caused by trying to get a quick fix on a doctrinal or ethical issue, squashing it into the small categories of one particular culture. Read Philippians 2.1-11 again and again. And Ephesians 4.1-16 as well.
(from a blog interview conducted by Rachael Held Evans, June 11, 2013)
Thursday, January 8, 2015
Transitions
Transitions
are never easy; however, they are one of the constants in the human
experience. Whether we want them or not, whether we are prepared or
unprepared, the seasons of our life move in one direction: forward.
As
newborns we become toddlers; we learn to garble and then talk; we
learn to stumble, fall and eventually walk. We are taught things by
parents and learn things through experience. We have our first day
of school, middle school, high-school, etc. We have our first crush,
our first date; we marry, have our first child. We get our first
job, first car, first paycheck...and the pattern continues. We move
from being children to young adults; young adults to middle-aged;
middle-aged to early retired; retired to just...tired.
Of
course, there are transitions that go far beyond just our human
natural maturation. Transitions happen within families at the loss
of a loved one, when a child goes to college, when a spouse get's
ill; within companies when one is promoted, demoted or when a company
downsizes; within a church when it MERGES, calls a new pastor,
disciples new leadership, experiences new growth, or finds itself
aging. Each transition brings new challenges and new opportunities.
In
January The Church of St. Peter and St. Paul will be eight years old.
We have been through a lot together; December marks my (and my
family's) third year in sharing this journey with you as a family
member (s) and shepherd.
I
see the Spirit visibly at work in us and as we continue to submit to
his Word and leading, and I see bright days ahead in regards to
Kingdom of God living and serving. For me this is no small
statement; I have rarely been able to say this in many of the other
church contexts in which I have served. However, for us to continue
to be fertile and receptive in following our Lord's direction, I
believe we must embrace the transitions
that He is now bringing us through.
The
Lord has drawn new members and friends to our body; not only do we
desire to continue to love and serve these new people, we will need
their gifts and support to continue to be effective as a New Covenant
community of Christ. More of our active members have become too ill
to serve, or have been drawn home to Lord. Many of us have
transitioned into stages of our lives that have forced us to realize
that we can no longer do the things we have done in the past.
However, we have also experienced a slew of newly retired working
professionals who now have more time for discipleship and ministry
engagement and this has been a huge “shot in the arm” for us.
Thanks be to God.
With
me will you open your hearts to the transitions that God is bringing
us through as a church? Where might he want to use you? What are
some things that he is trying to show you? Where might you need to
change your approach, and where might you need to look for another?
How does God want to heal you in 2015, and where does he want to
stretch you?
As
we were reminded this week in our small group study of Hebrews:
Heb
2:14-15
Since, therefore,
the children share flesh and blood, he himself likewise shared the
same things, so that through death he might destroy the one who has
the power of death, that is, the devil, 15 and free those who
all their lives were held in slavery by the fear of death.
We have nothing to fear.
Christmas reminds us that the Christ-child came to take on the form
of flesh to represent us and save us by his death on the cross. In
this death the evil one (here Satan being the figure-head of all that
is in rebellion to God and his Kingdom) has been defeated, and we no
longer have anything to fear because we have no punishment or
death to be worried about.
The Lord walks with us day
by day through our transitions. We are not alone, and we have
nothing to fear. Let us EMBRACE our transitions as a church and
in our personal lives; it will not be easy, but we do not walk alone.
Thanks be to
God.
Thursday, November 13, 2014
The Great Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving Day is a well known holiday in the United States . Quite frankly, it is one of my favorite times
of the year. I really like the fall with
all of its explosive colors, the crisp air, the festive food, and yes, the
focus and feasting that encourages we Americans to be a thankful people for the
many blessings that we have been given.
Mark 8 :
6 And
he commanded the crowd to sit down on the ground; and he took the seven loaves,
and having given thanks he broke
them and gave them to his disciples to set before the people; and they set them
before the crowd. 7 And they had a few small fish; and having
blessed them, he commanded that these also should be set before them. 8 And
they ate, and were satisfied; and they took up the broken pieces left over,
seven baskets full.
Mark 14 :
22 And
as they were eating, he took bread, and blessed, and broke it, and gave it to
them, and said, “Take; this is my body.” 23 And he took a cup,
and when he had given thanks he gave
it to them, and they all drank of it. 24 And he said to them,
“This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.
I Corinthians
10 :
16 Is not
the cup of thanksgiving for which we give thanks a participation in the blood
of Christ? And is not the bread that we break a participation in the body of
Christ? 17 Because there is one loaf, we, who are many, are one
body, for we all partake of the one loaf.
30 If I take part in the meal with thankfulness, why am I denounced because of something I thank God for?
O Lord, enable us to be a people of constant thanksgiving!
However, what is often lost on most Americans (even American
Christians) is that the historic Christian Church celebrates a feast of Thanksgiving
every single week. It is called The
Eucharist. For many, the term Eucharist sounds different, mysterious,
maybe even dangerous. So, let’s take a
closer look at this important word.
The word Eucharist comes from the Greek word εὐχαριστῶ (eucharisteo)
and it is the general word for “thanksgiving”.
Interestingly, it is found in this form in just thirty-eight different
scriptures in the New Testament. Let’s
look at a few:
As you might know, the record of Jesus and his Disciples
sharing Passover together, thus, establishing the Eucharistic Feast of Holy
Communion, is recorded in all three of the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and
Luke). It is at this first Eucharistic
meal that Jesus gives us our “words of institution” so we may set apart the
bread and wine to be a blessing to us, and a source of great thanksgiving,
indeed.
30 If I take part in the meal with thankfulness, why am I denounced because of something I thank God for?
The attentive eye will notice that I did not highlight the
word “thankgiving” or “give thanks” in verse sixteen above. The Greek word used here is the normal word
for “blessing” not “thanksgiving”, but the NIV has captured well here the idea
implied in the text itself. The blessing and thanksgiving at the table of our Lord work in conjunction with each
other. I challenge you to go back now to
the verses in Mark 8 and
14 and see how Jesus uses the terms “thanks” and “bless” correspondingly as he does
his miracle in the feeding of the four-thousand.
Each week when we come to celebrate Holy Communion, we are
engaging and celebrating the Great Thanksgiving, i.e., The Eucharist. We come to receive a blessing from God and to
be a blessing to him as we honor him with thankful and moldable hearts. We are there to worship and thank him for the
love he has poured out on us through Jesus Christ on the Cross, through the
power of the resurrection we experience through the Holy Spirit, and through
the hope of our final glorification living eternally in the unhindered presence
of the Father.
We have much to be thankful for, and we have the
opportunity to give thanks to God every day.
However, the pinnacle of our individual and communal thanksgiving finds
it’s fulfillment in our communion with the Lord and one another as we gather
around The Table of the Lord Jesus Christ.
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